Journal of ROL Sport Sciences

Effects of musculoskeletal pain on sleep disorder and quality of life in school aged children who are new to sports

Fatma Kizilay — 2023-09-20

Children who are new to sports may experience unusual physical stress, which may lead to musculoskeletal pain. The presence of pain may impair sleep and quality of life in children in varying age groups. Therefore, effects of musculoskeletal pain on sleep disorder and quality of life in younger and older school aged children who are new to sports investigated in this study. The study is conducted on children between 6-16 ages who are new to sports. Sociodemographic and sport-specific characteristics was questioned with a 10-question case form, sleep disorders were questioned with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, and quality of life evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. It was determined that 68% of the children starting to swimming had a musculoskeletal pain, and shoulder pain was the most common pain (30%). There was a statistically significant relationship between pain severity, quality of life, and sleep disturbance scores (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in sleep disturbance scores between younger children and older children (p<0.05). Sleep disturbance was observed less frequently in older children than in younger children. It was concluded that musculoskeletal pain is frequently experienced in children who are new to swimming sport, the pain is most common in the shoulder region, less frequently in the elbow, knee, back, and waist regions, and the presence of pain adversely affects sleep and quality of life in children. It was concluded that participation in sports at an early age may be a risk factor for sleep disorders.

An investigation of the relationship between lower limb muscle size, strength, and tibia length: A specific analysis of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles

Kadir Keskin — 2023-09-20

The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the interrelations among the ratios of hamstring-to-quadriceps muscle size and strength, as well as the associations with hamstring and quadriceps muscle size, tibia length, and muscle strength. A total of 47 recreationally active male participants voluntarily took part in the study, with an average age of 21.06±1.52 years, height of 179.47±6.21 cm, body weight of 77.18±10.51 kg, and a body mass index of 23.96±2.97. The knee flexion and extension strength were assessed at a velocity of 60º/s. Additionally, using ultrasonography, the thickness of the total quadriceps muscle, (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris), and the thickness of the total hamstring muscle (biceps femoris short and long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus) were measured at 50% of muscle length. The data were presented as mean and standard deviation, and Pearson product-moment correlation and related samples t-test were utilized for data analysis. The results of the study revealed no significant correlation between the size and strength of the hamstring and quadriceps muscles (r=0.166, p>0.05; r=0.279, p>0.05) and between the H: Q size ratio and H: Q strength ratio (r=0.129, p>0.05). The research findings indicate that the muscle thickness of the knee extensor and flexor muscle groups is not related to the isokinetic force produced in the corresponding muscles, and that muscle thickness is insufficient in determining isokinetic force.

The effect of different sport disciplines on the foot sole in early adolescence

Aylin Ozge Pekel — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different sports branches on the soles of the feet in children aged 11-14 years in the early adolescence period receiving sports training. A total of 349 licensed athletes with at least two years of sports training participated in the study. Foot pressure analyzes were measured in static and dynamic positions. When the peak left (F=17.60) peak right (F=12.29) pressures of the participants were analyzed according to the branch, it was seen that there was a statistically significant difference. It was found that the peak left and right foot pressures of basketball players were higher than those of soccer and taekwondo players; the peak left and right foot pressures of volleyball players were higher than those of soccer and taekwondo players; and the peak right and left foot pressures of karate players were higher than those of basketball, volleyball, soccer, taekwondo and fencing players. In conclusion, since foot development continues during early adolescence, which is the period of specialization, it is more sensitive to external factors. Problems that may occur can be prevented by conducting foot pressure analyzes by taking into account the differences in branches and making pressure maps of individuals.

Effect of 8 weeks of core training on speed, agility and balance in 14–16 year old male footballers

Adem Karababa — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of 8-week core training on speed, agility and balance in male football players aged 14-16. Twenty-four players who were actively playing football at clubs at the age of 14-16 participated to the study voluntarily. The experimental group of the research consisted of 12 male footballers who practiced core training 3 days a week for 8 weeks in addition to football training. The control group of the research consisted of 12 male footballers who practiced regular football only. Before the training and after the 8-week training period, a set of strength, speed, agility and balance tests were applied to the football players in both groups and the effect of core training was examined independent sample t-test and dependent sample t-test were used to analyze the data. In the experimental group, while a statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest values of sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump, illinois agility, T-dril and Y balance tests in favor of the posttest, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest values of 30 m speed and 505 agility tests. In the control group, while there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values in the sit-up, push-up, standing long jump and illinois agility tests in favor of the posttests (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between pretest and posttest values of 30 m speed, 505 agility, t drill and y balance tests.

The effect of recreation experience preference on destination preference

Tebessum Ayyildiz-Durhan — 2023-09-20

This study, it is aimed to examine the effects of recreation experience preferences of individuals engaged in camping activities on destination preference and to determine how various variables differentiate the measurement tools. The study included 223 individuals participating in camping activities in Kaş region of Antalya province. The data were collected with the "Recreation Experience Preference Scale" and "Destination Preference Scale" as well as the personal data form. Descriptive statistics, independent sample T test, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA, post hoc tests, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings show that the participants' recreation experience preferences levels are high (4.32±0.49) and their destination preferences levels are at an average level (5.60±0.88). It was determined that recreation experience preferences and destination preferences of individuals participating in camping activities differed according to gender, age, field of study, income, marital status variables, but did not differ significantly according to education level. It was determined that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship between Recreation Experience Preference and Destination Preference (r=0.565). The findings of the multiple regression analysis, in which the effect of recreation experience preferences on destination preference was determined to be approximately 40%, show that knowledge and adventure and transportation and activity sub-dimensions are significantly predicted by recreation experience preference.

Investigation of changes in blood lactate and some performance characteristics of adolescent male handball players during competition

Mustafa Turkmen — 2023-09-20

High lactic acid levels in high-configuration exercises can lead to a decrease in the performance of athletes. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the characteristics of lactic acid (LA), dominant hand grip strength (DHGS), 20 m sprint and vertical jump (VJ) during the a match. In the study, blood lactate, dominant hand power, vertical power and 20 m sprint values were determined from the subjects, which were taken three times in total, at the end of the warm-up, before the start of the match, at the end of the first half and end of the match. 22 male handball players aged 12-14, playing in the U16 Handball League in 2022-2023, voluntarily participated in this research. The mean age of the subjects was 14,09±0,86 years, and the mean age of sports was 4,04±0,84 years. One-Way ANOVA was performed to analyze the difference. In our study, when the analysis results of lactic acid measurement and DHGS measurements are examined, it is seen that there is a statistically significant difference between pre-competition measurement (PrCM) and half-time measurement (HTM), PrCM and post-competition measurement (PoCM), HTM and PrCM (P <0.05). In addition, when the VJ measurement analysis results are examined, there is a statistically significant difference between PrCM and PoCM, HTM and PoCM results, and between PrCM and HTM, PrCM and PoCM results in the 20 m sprint test (P<0.05). There is an increase in the level of lactic acid in adolescent handball players during the competition, which negatively affects the performance of the athletes.

Investigation of the effect of 12-week exercise training on the level of physical fitness in children with autism

Bilal Karakoc — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 12-week exercise training on the level of physical fitness in autistic children. A total of 10 individuals, 4 females and 6 males, residing in Çanakkale city center and having autism are included in the study. The age range of individuals participating in the study is 13-19. These individuals were reached through previous volunteer projects and Kepez Special Education Vocational School. Studies were conducted 2 days a week, Monday - Thursday, for 12 weeks. The studies were conducted between 40 and 55 minutes, depending on the content of the study. Particular attention was paid to the safety and health aspects of the studies. Students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences supported the studies voluntarily. Various tests are used to scale the physical parameters as a data collection tool in the study. In the analysis of the data, normality test and reliability test results were examined and it was determined that the data conformed to normal distribution wand was reliable. Based on this point, parametric testing techniques were used to test the data. Differences between pretest and posttest mean values were performed using Paired Groups T Test. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that there is no statistically significant difference between the height, weight, flexibility, biceps, triceps, suprailiac and suspcapula pre-test and post-test mean values of the male and female participants.

Examination of social appearance anxiety of faculty of sports sciences students

Izzet Islamoglu — 2023-09-20

This study was conducted to examine students' social appearance anxiety. The sample of the research consists of 259 students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences. The data obtained in the research were collected through the "Social Appearance Anxiety Scale". For independent groups, t test and ANOVA were applied, and from post hoc tests, Tukey was applied. A significant difference was found in the social appearance anxiety levels of the students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences according to their class level, department, income level and where they spend most of their lives (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in the social appearance anxiety levels of sports sciences faculty students according to gender (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that the social appearance anxiety of sports science students was generally at a medium level. It has been determined that the gender variable does not affect the social appearance concerns of the students, but it affects the social appearance concerns according to the class level, department, income level and the place where they spend most of their lives. It is recommended to conduct research on larger groups by including students from different universities and departments.

Investigation of the effect of book reading activity on attention level and reaction time in student athletes

Nuray Satilmis — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regular book reading activity on attention level and reaction time in student athletes. The study group consists of 33 student athletes, 17 individuals in control group and 16 individuals in experiment group, doing individual or team sports. Experiment group read books for a period of 40 minutes, three times a week. In addition to personal information form, “Visual Attention Test” is applied to volunteers. The data of the research were evaluated in the SPSS program. Differences were observed in reaction time of students who regularly read books and not (p<0.05). While no difference was observed in accuracy ratio of student athletes who do not read books, differences were found in student athletes who read (p<0.05). While no differences were observed on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports who do not read books regularly, differences were determined on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing team sports. There were differences on accuracy ratio of student athletes doing individual sports or team sports and who read books regularly. In conclusion, it is determined that students doing individual sports or team sports who read books regularly have better attention levels compared to those who do not read books.

Does handgrip strength effect pulmonary function in healthy children?

Muhammet Hakan Mayda — 2023-09-20

The present study examined the relationship between hand grip strength and pulmonary functions of healthy children and the aim was to use regression model and hand grip strength as a practical tool to predict pulmonary functions. The study was designed as cross-sectional and analytical. A total of 755 healthy children (age= 9.38±0.48) participated in the study voluntarily. Hand grip strength and respiratory function tests were applied to the children. In statistical analysis, Pearson correlation and linear regression model were used. A significant correlation was found between right and left hand grip strength and FVC, FEV1 and PEF (p<0.05). In addition, while the left hand grip strength had a significant effect on the lung function parameters FVC, FEV and PEF (p<0.05), it was found that the right hand grip strength was not a significant predictor of the parameters (p> 0.05). As a result, it was concluded that there are correlations between HGS and functional respiratory parameters in children, just as in adults and patient groups. In order to analyse the correlations between HGS and respiratory functions more clearly, it is recommended to examine important factors such as different age, activity levels and gender together in new studies.

An analysis of online education perception among faculty of sports sciences students following the February 6th Turkey earthquake

Haci Ali Cakici — 2023-09-20

The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of online education from the perspective of students after the February 6th earthquake in Turkey. The study included 7 students from the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Ordu University. A semi-structured interview form consisting of 9 questions was prepared to determine the students' opinions regarding the online education approach after the February 6th earthquake. The data of the research were transferred to the Nvivo program and analyzed using a descriptive analysis method. The findings revealed differences between the approach to distance education after Covid-19 and the February 6th earthquake in Turkey, as well as the effectiveness of practical and theoretical lessons. Additionally, students' opinions about focusing on lessons and school after the earthquake disaster, attention diversion, and anxiety levels were identified. As a result of data analysis, it was concluded that face-to-face education would be more beneficial than online education. According to these results, while theoretical lessons could be conducted online, practical lessons should be held in a face-to-face format or in a more realistic environment. Furthermore, recommendations were made, including collaboration between the Higher Education Council and the Ministry of Youth and Sports, to enhance the effectiveness of practical lessons in the Faculty of Sports Sciences.

Comparing the maximal aerobic speed assessed with laboratory and field tests in soccer players

Erkan Akdogan — 2023-09-20

The aim of the study was to compare the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) obtained from the VAM-EVAL and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1), with an incremental (1km.h^-1 per min) treadmill test in soccer players. Eighteen amateur male soccer players, were evaluated with the following tests: a) a treadmill test to directly determine values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and MAS (Treadmill); b) an indirect VAM-EVAL Test; c) an indirect YYIR1. The results demonstrated that the last speed, distance, and test duration values are significantly different among the tests (p<0.05)]. The highest MAS value was recorded during the treadmill test (17.10±1.38 km.h^-1) which was significantly different from YYIR1 and VAM-EVAL tests (15.82±0.66 and 14.33±0.69 km.h-1, respectively; p<0.001). The analysis also showed that treadmill MAS value was significantly correlated with YYIR1 MAS (r = 0.656) and VAM-EVAL MAS values (r =0.625), also YYIR1 MAS value was significantly correlated with VAM-EVAL MAS value (r=0.662). It was concluded that the MAS and the VO₂max values are significantly different among YYIR1, VAM-EVAL and selected treadmill protocol, and support the idea that they should not be used interchangeably. From a practical perspective, MAS seems to be more important for coaches than VO₂max. Both laboratory and field tests can be useful for assessing MAS; however, field tests should be preferred for training purposes.

Social identity approach to leadership in sport

Ender Ali Uluc — 2023-09-20

Purposes of the research is to examine the effects of identity leadership on the social identity shared by team members in sports teams. A total of 336 athletes, including 182 men and 154 women, who were licensed, who were engaged in team sports in Çanakkale, participated in the research. Athletes responded to Social Identity Scale for Sport and Identity Leadership Inventory. In the study, the data were distributed normally. In the pre-analysis phase, independent sample t test and one-way analysis of variance were applied. Pearson correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were used. For post-hoc analysis, the Games-Howell test was administered with Bonferroni correction. In the study, the social identities of the athletes and the identity leadership behaviors of their coaches were found to be positively related. The identity leadership behaviors of the coaches positively affected the social identities of the athletes. The one-unit increase in the identity leadership behaviors of the coaches increased the social identities of the athletes by 0.55 units. The role of identity leadership in the social identity shared by the group members and the effectiveness of the social identity approach to leadership in the context of sports were supported.

Examination of the psychological resilience of football players

Pelin Akyol — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study, while aiming to understand better and develop the psychological resilience of football players, is to investigate whether there is a differentiation in the psychological resilience of football players according to the variable of the sports year, age, position played, and injury status. The study's sample group consists of 196 players playing amateur football in Samsun. The Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults used as data collection tool. ANOVA was used in the analysis of the data, and Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to determine the direction of the difference in cases where there was a difference. When psychological resilience is compared according to age, 22-25 years of age and those aged 26 and over have higher scores than those aged 18-21 in the perception of the future sub-dimension. When psychological resilience is compared according to sports year, those who play football for 1-10 years have higher scores than those who play football for 11-15 years and 15 years and above in the perception of the future and family harmony sub-dimension (p<0.001). When psychological resilience was compared according to the injury status, it was determined that those who did not have a disability had higher scores in the structural style and perception of the future sub-dimension than those who had 1-6 months of disability and those who had 1-6 months of disability than those who had more than six months of disability (p<0.001). When psychological resilience is compared according to positions, defensive players have higher scores than midfielders and strikers in the sub-dimension of structural style, perception of the future, and social resources (p<0.001). As a result, understanding the importance of psychological resilience in footballers will help to train more successful football players both at individual and team levels and to increase their performance.

Comprasion of physical activity levels of working women and housewives according to some variables

Yavuz Yasul — 2023-09-20

This study aimed to examine the changes in physical activity levels of women according to some variables. Housewives (HW) and working women (WW) in certain institutions in Malatya voluntarily participated in the study. The volunteering participants were divided into two groups, WW (N=175) and HW (N=175), based on employment status. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to determine the physical activity levels of the participants in the study. According to the data obtained in the study, it was seen that the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) of the research group did not differ according to age, body mass index (BMI) and merital status, however the working status of the women affected their MET scores and the HW’s had a higher physical activity level than WW. It was seen that the inactive lifestyle habits of the working women in the research group affected their physical activity levels and they were not very active in the living areas left behind from the business life.

The determining role of folk-dance trainers’ toxic leadership behavior on the psychological resilience and satisfaction levels of the athletes

Mehmet Bilgin Karademir — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study ise to determine the effect of folk dance athletes' perceptions of coaches' toxic leadership behaviors on their psychological resilience and satisfaction levels. The universe of the research consists of licensed athletes in the youth and adult categories of the Turkish Folk Dance Federation. In the 2019-2020 period when the research was conducted, it was determined that the number of licensed athletes from the youth and adult groups playing in folk dances was a total of 10992 people, 4856 men and 6136 women. 713 people were included in this study. The data were collected by convenience sampling method and analyzed with SPSS 20 package program. In the analyzes made, it was seen that the toxic leadership perception of the athletes was generally low. However, it was determined that the athletes were psychologically sound and their satisfaction levels were generally high. In the study, it was determined that there is a negative and significant relationship between the toxic leadership behaviors of the coaches and the psychological resilience and satisfaction levels of the athletes.

The relationship between career awareness and job search anxiety among university students

Omer Faruk Tutar — 2023-09-20

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between career awareness and job search anxiety among university students studying in the field of sports sciences. The research is designed using a quantitative research method with a cor relational survey design. The sample of the study consists of 359 voluntary students, including 225 males and 134 females, enrolled in various departments affiliated with the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Munzur University during the 2022-2023 academic year. In the study, data were obtained using a personal information form, the "Career Awareness Scale for Sports Science Students" and the "Job Search Anxiety Scale for Sports Science Students." For the statistical analysis of the data collected from the participants, SPSS 25 software was utilized. Firstly, the skewness and kurtosis values of the included data were examined to test of normality. Subsequently, assuming that the data followed a normal distribution, parametric analyses such as independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were conducted. The analyses revealed that the rewereno significant differences in CASS and JSASS scores among participants based on gender, class, and department variables. However, according to the results obtained from the correlation analysis, a significant negative relationship was found between students' job search anxiety and career awareness. Consequently, it was determined that as the level of career awareness increased among sports science students, their job search anxiety decreased.

The effect of e-sports audience demands on electronic sports participation motivation

Efecan Tezcan — 2023-09-20

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of university students' e-sports audience demands on e-sports participation motivations. The influence of technological advancements extends to various fields, including the realm of sports. One of the prominent innovations in recent times is Esports, which has emerged as a rapidly growing domain with a significant global market. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of Esports spectator demands on levels of participation motivation. The study investigates both the interrelationships between scales and various evaluations based on demographic characteristics. The sample group consists of 333 voluntary participants, including 136 females and 197 males, who are students of Gumushane University. The study utilizes 5 demographic items, the E-sports spectator demands scale comprising 25 items, and the Esports participation motivation scale consisting of 47 items. According to the research findings, a significant positive relationship between the two variables has been determined. Among the sub-dimensions of the Esports participation motivation scale, the variable with the highest mean is competition and achievement (x̄=3.50), while the lowest mean is associated with the taxonomic domain sub-dimension (x̄=3.39). In the Esports spectator demands scale, the variable with the highest mean is the chat room sub-dimension (x̄=4.59), whereas the lowest variable is the commentator characteristics sub-dimension.

Investigation of the effect of traditional street games as a recreational activity on social skills psychological resilience and hope levels of foreign children

Sinan Erdem Satilmis — 2023-09-20

This research was carried out to examine the effect of playing traditional street games as a recreational activity on foreign children's social skills, psychological resilience and hope levels. The sample group of the study consists of 51 foreign children, 25 males and 26 females, who were selected by the purposive sampling method, one of the non-probability techniques. The units for the purpose of the study were included in the sample as control (n=26) and experimental group (n=25). A protocol was prepared for the children in the experimental group to play traditional street games for 8 weeks as a recreational activity, at least 2 days a week. There was no activity performed on the control group. Before and after the game protocol, pre-test and post-test results were obtained from the groups. Demographic information form, Children’s Self-Report Social Skills Scale (CS⁴), Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) and Children’s Hope Scale (CHS) were used as data collection tools. According to the findings, it was determined that the scores obtained from the experimental group and the control group before the game protocol did not differ statistically, but the scores after the game protocol showed a significant difference in favor of the children in the experimental group. As a result, it was seen that the recreational activities applied for foreign children were significantly effective on social skills, psychological resilience and hope levels.

Longing for sportive success scale: Validity and reliability study

Soner Cankaya — 2023-09-20

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale that can be used to determine the effects of fans on their teams' long-term inability to become champions, their longing for championship and their thoughts, by examining the opinions of fans of sports clubs that have been longing for success for many years. In line with this purpose, the study was conducted using quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional survey design. The draft scale, consisting of 36 items, which was given its final form with expert recommendations, was applied to a total of 116 randomly selected individuals among the supporters of Trabzonspor, a club that has not won a championship for 37 years, for the pilot study. In the analysis of the data obtained from the preliminary study, item-total item correlation, item analysis, test-retest technique, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analyses were utilized. As a result of the statistical analyses, the longing for sportive success scale (LSSS) consisting of 17 items and four sub-dimensions was applied to a sample group of more than 201 individuals and took its final form with confirmatory factor analysis. Based on these findings, it has been concluded that the LSSS is a valid and reliable data collection tool that can be used to determine how fans are affected by their teams' long-term inability to become champions, their longing for championships, and to identify the reasons for the long-standing lack of success in sports clubs in Turkey by examining their thoughts.

2022 FIFA World Cup: The relationship between performance and success

Gizem Baskaya — 2023-09-20

The examination of the technical-tactical and physical performances of countries after major organisations in football has become important in today's football world. In this direction, the aim of this study is to reveal the differences of the technical, tactical and physical performances of the countries taking part in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and their relationship with the tournament success. The data were collected through FIFA official website; 8 technical-tactical and 2 physical performances, 10 parameters in total were evaluated. As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were found between the data on the number of accurate passes, percentage and number of goals of the countries that made it to the last 16; the data on the number of goals and successful tackles of the countries that made it to the semi-finals and the data on the countries that did not make it to the next round. It has been revealed that there is a moderate and high level positive relationship between the percentage of possession, total and accurate number and percentage of passes, goal expectancy and total running distance and total number of goals, and a moderate level positive relationship between the number of successful tackles and total points of the countries that won the matches. As a result, it can be said that countries are almost equal in terms of tactical and physical performance in terms of going to the result and establishing superiority in today's football, but countries that have more possession of the ball and utilise the opportunities in a positive way will make a difference.

Investigation of the effect of acute facilitation on balance performance in women swimmers

Mehmet Serif Okmen — 2023-09-20

This study was carried out to examine the effect of acute fatigue on balance performance in female athletes after a maximally exhausting exercise. Your study group consisted of 4th grade swimming specialization female (N=12) students in the Coaching Education Department of the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bingöl University. A weak experimental research model (pretest-posttest) was preferred in the study. Stabilometric platform was used to determine the balance performance of swimmers, and Bruce protocol was applied on the treadmill to create acute fatigue. The evaluation of the pre-test and post-test data taken from the swimmers was made using the SPSS 23 package program. According to the findings, both eyes open and eyes closed pretest and posttest static balance right-left standard deviation, forward-backward standard deviation, right-left swing speed, forward-backward swing speed, pressure center drawing analysis and swing area values When compared, it was seen that there was no significant difference (p>0.05). As a result, although no statistically significant differences were observed on body balance performance values of acute muscle fatigue after a exhausting exercise protocol applied to female swimmers, it was observed that it had a negative effect on balance performance.

The effect of elbow joint proprioception sense on shooting hit in basketball

Hamza Kucuk — 2023-09-20

This study aims to investigate the effect of proprioception on the shooting accuracy of male and female basketball players. In this study, 24 girls aged 13.58±2.43 years and 24 male athletes aged 14.80±1.03 years, who played basketball actively for at least 2 years, voluntarily participated. The target angle for the elbow joint was determined as 75° flexion movement. Joint position sense test method was used to measure elbow joint proprioception. Baseline 1° sensitive digital goniometer was used in the measurements. In the process of determining the amount of deviation, after 5 measurements were taken from an athlete, these 5 deviation values were av-eraged. When the average deviation value at the target angle of 75° was determined, this average deviation value was used in the comparisons. Male and female participants' total hits and deviation angles were examined, but no correlation was found (p>0.05). The total number of hits and deviation angle of male and female participants were examined, but no correlation was found (p>0.05). As a result, although there is no significant difference between the proprioception deviation angles of female and male basketball players, there is no relationship between the deviation angle and the shot hit.

Investigating career awareness of sport sciences students

Suat Aybek — 2023-09-20

The study aims to assess the career awareness of sports students, recognizing the significance of career planning for athletes and their respective countries. A total of 285 participants, with an average age of 21.25±3.01 years, took part in the research. Data was collected using the Student Athlete Career Awareness Inventory. An independent samples t-test was conducted to analyze gender differences, while one-way ANOVA was utilized for department and grade level comparisons. Results indicate that males scored significantly higher than females in self-efficacy and barriers related to career development. No significant differences were found in self-efficacy related to professional development, barriers related to professional development, athlete identity, and athletic supporters among participants based on their departments. Notably, 3rd grade students had lower athletic supporter scores compared to 1st grade students, with a statistically significant difference observed when compared to 2nd grade students. Considering the gender advantage observed for males among sports science students, it is crucial to provide internal education and support for female students in this regard.

The relationship between sports, politics, and nationalism in the historical process

Gulcan Tekin — 2023-09-20

The purpose of this study, which is carried out in the qualitative method in which the information obtained from secondary sources is reported in the historical context, is not to reach a theory, find the truth or make generalizations. The main purpose is to explain the relationship between sports, politics, and nationalism in a more concrete way, based on the existing literature, through historical events. Primitive sport, which appeared in ancient civilizations, has been organized since a certain period and has assumed the identity of modern sport. Although sport has undergone many changes in terms of meaning, tools, and diversity after modernity, it has preserved its continuity and validity in both primitive and modern applications in the context of the relationship of sports with politics. The most prominent of these are nationalism and nation-state building through sports. Existing literature clearly reflects that nations are well aware of the link between sport and nationalism and are trying to use it effectively for many national and international purposes.